//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: LoaderHelpers.h
//
// Helper functions for texture loaders and screen grabber
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
//
// http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=248929
// http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=615561
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#pragma once

#include "DDS.h"
#include "DDSTextureLoader.h"
#include "PlatformHelpers.h"


namespace DirectX
{
    namespace LoaderHelpers
    {
        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Return the BPP for a particular format
        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline size_t BitsPerPixel(_In_ DXGI_FORMAT fmt) noexcept
        {
            switch (fmt)
            {
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT:
                    return 128;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT:
                    return 96;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G8X24_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT_X8X24_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_X32_TYPELESS_G8X24_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_Y416:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_Y210:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_Y216:
                    return 64;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R11G11B10_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R24G8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R24_UNORM_X8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_X24_TYPELESS_G8_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R9G9B9E5_SHAREDEXP:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_G8R8_G8B8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10_XR_BIAS_A2_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_AYUV:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_Y410:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_YUY2:
#if (defined(_XBOX_ONE) && defined(_TITLE)) || defined(_GAMING_XBOX)
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10_7E3_A2_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10_6E4_A2_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10_SNORM_A2_UNORM:
#endif
                    return 32;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_P010:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_P016:
#if (_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10)
                case DXGI_FORMAT_V408:
#endif
#if (defined(_XBOX_ONE) && defined(_TITLE)) || defined(_GAMING_XBOX)
                case DXGI_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM_X8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_X16_TYPELESS_G8_UINT:
#endif
                    return 24;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_D16_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_A8P8:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM:
#if (_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10)
                case DXGI_FORMAT_P208:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_V208:
#endif
                    return 16;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_NV12:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_420_OPAQUE:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_NV11:
                    return 12;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SINT:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_A8_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_UF16:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_SF16:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_AI44:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_IA44:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_P8:
#if (defined(_XBOX_ONE) && defined(_TITLE)) || defined(_GAMING_XBOX)
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM:
#endif
                    return 8;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_R1_UNORM:
                    return 1;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM:
                    return 4;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_FORCE_UINT:
                default:
                    return 0;
            }
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline DXGI_FORMAT MakeSRGB(_In_ DXGI_FORMAT format) noexcept
        {
            switch (format)
            {
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM:
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM_SRGB;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM:
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_SRGB;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM:
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_SRGB;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM_SRGB;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM_SRGB;

                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM:
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB;

                default:
                    return format;
            }
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline bool IsCompressed(_In_ DXGI_FORMAT fmt) noexcept
        {
            switch (fmt)
            {
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_SRGB:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_UF16:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_SF16:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_TYPELESS:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM:
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB:
                    return true;

                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline DXGI_FORMAT EnsureNotTypeless(DXGI_FORMAT fmt) noexcept
        {
            // Assumes UNORM or FLOAT; doesn't use UINT or SINT
            switch (fmt)
            {
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_TYPELESS: return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_TYPELESS:    return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS: return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_TYPELESS:       return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_TYPELESS:  return DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS:     return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_TYPELESS:       return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_TYPELESS:         return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS:           return DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_TYPELESS:     return DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_TYPELESS:     return DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM;
                case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_TYPELESS:          return DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM;
                default:                                return fmt;
            }
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline HRESULT LoadTextureDataFromMemory(
            _In_reads_(ddsDataSize) const uint8_t* ddsData,
            size_t ddsDataSize,
            const DDS_HEADER** header,
            const uint8_t** bitData,
            size_t* bitSize) noexcept
        {
            if (!header || !bitData || !bitSize)
            {
                return E_POINTER;
            }

            if (ddsDataSize > UINT32_MAX)
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            if (ddsDataSize < (sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(DDS_HEADER)))
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            // DDS files always start with the same magic number ("DDS ")
            auto dwMagicNumber = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(ddsData);
            if (dwMagicNumber != DDS_MAGIC)
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            auto hdr = reinterpret_cast<const DDS_HEADER*>(ddsData + sizeof(uint32_t));

            // Verify header to validate DDS file
            if (hdr->size != sizeof(DDS_HEADER) ||
                hdr->ddspf.size != sizeof(DDS_PIXELFORMAT))
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            // Check for DX10 extension
            bool bDXT10Header = false;
            if ((hdr->ddspf.flags & DDS_FOURCC) &&
                (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', '1', '0') == hdr->ddspf.fourCC))
            {
                // Must be long enough for both headers and magic value
                if (ddsDataSize < (sizeof(DDS_HEADER) + sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(DDS_HEADER_DXT10)))
                {
                    return E_FAIL;
                }

                bDXT10Header = true;
            }

            // setup the pointers in the process request
            *header = hdr;
            auto offset = sizeof(uint32_t)
                + sizeof(DDS_HEADER)
                + (bDXT10Header ? sizeof(DDS_HEADER_DXT10) : 0u);
            *bitData = ddsData + offset;
            *bitSize = ddsDataSize - offset;

            return S_OK;
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline HRESULT LoadTextureDataFromFile(
            _In_z_ const wchar_t* fileName,
            std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>& ddsData,
            const DDS_HEADER** header,
            const uint8_t** bitData,
            size_t* bitSize) noexcept
        {
            if (!header || !bitData || !bitSize)
            {
                return E_POINTER;
            }

            // open the file
        #if (_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8)
            ScopedHandle hFile(safe_handle(CreateFile2(fileName,
                               GENERIC_READ,
                               FILE_SHARE_READ,
                               OPEN_EXISTING,
                               nullptr)));
        #else
            ScopedHandle hFile(safe_handle(CreateFileW(fileName,
                               GENERIC_READ,
                               FILE_SHARE_READ,
                               nullptr,
                               OPEN_EXISTING,
                               FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
                               nullptr)));
        #endif

            if (!hFile)
            {
                return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
            }

            // Get the file size
            FILE_STANDARD_INFO fileInfo;
            if (!GetFileInformationByHandleEx(hFile.get(), FileStandardInfo, &fileInfo, sizeof(fileInfo)))
            {
                return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
            }

            // File is too big for 32-bit allocation, so reject read
            if (fileInfo.EndOfFile.HighPart > 0)
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            // Need at least enough data to fill the header and magic number to be a valid DDS
            if (fileInfo.EndOfFile.LowPart < (sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(DDS_HEADER)))
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            // create enough space for the file data
            ddsData.reset(new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[fileInfo.EndOfFile.LowPart]);
            if (!ddsData)
            {
                return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            }

            // read the data in
            DWORD BytesRead = 0;
            if (!ReadFile(hFile.get(),
                ddsData.get(),
                fileInfo.EndOfFile.LowPart,
                &BytesRead,
                nullptr
                ))
            {
                return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
            }

            if (BytesRead < fileInfo.EndOfFile.LowPart)
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            // DDS files always start with the same magic number ("DDS ")
            auto dwMagicNumber = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(ddsData.get());
            if (dwMagicNumber != DDS_MAGIC)
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            auto hdr = reinterpret_cast<const DDS_HEADER*>(ddsData.get() + sizeof(uint32_t));

            // Verify header to validate DDS file
            if (hdr->size != sizeof(DDS_HEADER) ||
                hdr->ddspf.size != sizeof(DDS_PIXELFORMAT))
            {
                return E_FAIL;
            }

            // Check for DX10 extension
            bool bDXT10Header = false;
            if ((hdr->ddspf.flags & DDS_FOURCC) &&
                (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', '1', '0') == hdr->ddspf.fourCC))
            {
                // Must be long enough for both headers and magic value
                if (fileInfo.EndOfFile.LowPart < (sizeof(DDS_HEADER) + sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(DDS_HEADER_DXT10)))
                {
                    return E_FAIL;
                }

                bDXT10Header = true;
            }

            // setup the pointers in the process request
            *header = hdr;
            auto offset = sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(DDS_HEADER)
                + (bDXT10Header ? sizeof(DDS_HEADER_DXT10) : 0u);
            *bitData = ddsData.get() + offset;
            *bitSize = fileInfo.EndOfFile.LowPart - offset;

            return S_OK;
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Get surface information for a particular format
        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline HRESULT GetSurfaceInfo(
            _In_ size_t width,
            _In_ size_t height,
            _In_ DXGI_FORMAT fmt,
            _Out_opt_ size_t* outNumBytes,
            _Out_opt_ size_t* outRowBytes,
            _Out_opt_ size_t* outNumRows) noexcept
        {
            uint64_t numBytes = 0;
            uint64_t rowBytes = 0;
            uint64_t numRows = 0;

            bool bc = false;
            bool packed = false;
            bool planar = false;
            size_t bpe = 0;
            switch (fmt)
            {
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM_SRGB:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM:
                bc = true;
                bpe = 8;
                break;

            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_SRGB:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_SRGB:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_UF16:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_SF16:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB:
                bc = true;
                bpe = 16;
                break;

            case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_G8R8_G8B8_UNORM:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_YUY2:
                packed = true;
                bpe = 4;
                break;

            case DXGI_FORMAT_Y210:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_Y216:
                packed = true;
                bpe = 8;
                break;

            case DXGI_FORMAT_NV12:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_420_OPAQUE:
        #if (_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10)
            case DXGI_FORMAT_P208:
        #endif
                planar = true;
                bpe = 2;
                break;

            case DXGI_FORMAT_P010:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_P016:
                planar = true;
                bpe = 4;
                break;

        #if (defined(_XBOX_ONE) && defined(_TITLE)) || defined(_GAMING_XBOX)

            case DXGI_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM_X8_TYPELESS:
            case DXGI_FORMAT_X16_TYPELESS_G8_UINT:
                planar = true;
                bpe = 4;
                break;

        #endif

            default:
                break;
            }

            if (bc)
            {
                uint64_t numBlocksWide = 0;
                if (width > 0)
                {
                    numBlocksWide = std::max<uint64_t>(1u, (uint64_t(width) + 3u) / 4u);
                }
                uint64_t numBlocksHigh = 0;
                if (height > 0)
                {
                    numBlocksHigh = std::max<uint64_t>(1u, (uint64_t(height) + 3u) / 4u);
                }
                rowBytes = numBlocksWide * bpe;
                numRows = numBlocksHigh;
                numBytes = rowBytes * numBlocksHigh;
            }
            else if (packed)
            {
                rowBytes = ((uint64_t(width) + 1u) >> 1) * bpe;
                numRows = uint64_t(height);
                numBytes = rowBytes * height;
            }
            else if (fmt == DXGI_FORMAT_NV11)
            {
                rowBytes = ((uint64_t(width) + 3u) >> 2) * 4u;
                numRows = uint64_t(height) * 2u; // Direct3D makes this simplifying assumption, although it is larger than the 4:1:1 data
                numBytes = rowBytes * numRows;
            }
            else if (planar)
            {
                rowBytes = ((uint64_t(width) + 1u) >> 1) * bpe;
                numBytes = (rowBytes * uint64_t(height)) + ((rowBytes * uint64_t(height) + 1u) >> 1);
                numRows = height + ((uint64_t(height) + 1u) >> 1);
            }
            else
            {
                size_t bpp = BitsPerPixel(fmt);
                if (!bpp)
                    return E_INVALIDARG;

                rowBytes = (uint64_t(width) * bpp + 7u) / 8u; // round up to nearest byte
                numRows = uint64_t(height);
                numBytes = rowBytes * height;
            }

        #if defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_ARM) || defined(_M_HYBRID_X86_ARM64)
            static_assert(sizeof(size_t) == 4, "Not a 32-bit platform!");
            if (numBytes > UINT32_MAX || rowBytes > UINT32_MAX || numRows > UINT32_MAX)
                return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW);
        #else
            static_assert(sizeof(size_t) == 8, "Not a 64-bit platform!");
        #endif

            if (outNumBytes)
            {
                *outNumBytes = static_cast<size_t>(numBytes);
            }
            if (outRowBytes)
            {
                *outRowBytes = static_cast<size_t>(rowBytes);
            }
            if (outNumRows)
            {
                *outNumRows = static_cast<size_t>(numRows);
            }

            return S_OK;
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    #define ISBITMASK( r,g,b,a ) ( ddpf.RBitMask == r && ddpf.GBitMask == g && ddpf.BBitMask == b && ddpf.ABitMask == a )

        inline DXGI_FORMAT GetDXGIFormat(const DDS_PIXELFORMAT& ddpf) noexcept
        {
            if (ddpf.flags & DDS_RGB)
            {
                // Note that sRGB formats are written using the "DX10" extended header

                switch (ddpf.RGBBitCount)
                {
                    case 32:
                        if (ISBITMASK(0x000000ff, 0x0000ff00, 0x00ff0000, 0xff000000))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
                        }

                        if (ISBITMASK(0x00ff0000, 0x0000ff00, 0x000000ff, 0xff000000))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
                        }

                        if (ISBITMASK(0x00ff0000, 0x0000ff00, 0x000000ff, 0))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM;
                        }

                        // No DXGI format maps to ISBITMASK(0x000000ff,0x0000ff00,0x00ff0000,0) aka D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8

                        // Note that many common DDS reader/writers (including D3DX) swap the
                        // the RED/BLUE masks for 10:10:10:2 formats. We assume
                        // below that the 'backwards' header mask is being used since it is most
                        // likely written by D3DX. The more robust solution is to use the 'DX10'
                        // header extension and specify the DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM format directly

                        // For 'correct' writers, this should be 0x000003ff,0x000ffc00,0x3ff00000 for RGB data
                        if (ISBITMASK(0x3ff00000, 0x000ffc00, 0x000003ff, 0xc0000000))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM;
                        }

                        // No DXGI format maps to ISBITMASK(0x000003ff,0x000ffc00,0x3ff00000,0xc0000000) aka D3DFMT_A2R10G10B10

                        if (ISBITMASK(0x0000ffff, 0xffff0000, 0, 0))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM;
                        }

                        if (ISBITMASK(0xffffffff, 0, 0, 0))
                        {
                            // Only 32-bit color channel format in D3D9 was R32F
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT; // D3DX writes this out as a FourCC of 114
                        }
                        break;

                    case 24:
                        // No 24bpp DXGI formats aka D3DFMT_R8G8B8
                        break;

                    case 16:
                        if (ISBITMASK(0x7c00, 0x03e0, 0x001f, 0x8000))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM;
                        }
                        if (ISBITMASK(0xf800, 0x07e0, 0x001f, 0))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM;
                        }

                        // No DXGI format maps to ISBITMASK(0x7c00,0x03e0,0x001f,0) aka D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5

                        if (ISBITMASK(0x0f00, 0x00f0, 0x000f, 0xf000))
                        {
                            return DXGI_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM;
                        }

                        // No DXGI format maps to ISBITMASK(0x0f00,0x00f0,0x000f,0) aka D3DFMT_X4R4G4B4

                        // No 3:3:2, 3:3:2:8, or paletted DXGI formats aka D3DFMT_A8R3G3B2, D3DFMT_R3G3B2, D3DFMT_P8, D3DFMT_A8P8, etc.
                        break;
                }
            }
            else if (ddpf.flags & DDS_LUMINANCE)
            {
                if (8 == ddpf.RGBBitCount)
                {
                    if (ISBITMASK(0xff, 0, 0, 0))
                    {
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM; // D3DX10/11 writes this out as DX10 extension
                    }

                    // No DXGI format maps to ISBITMASK(0x0f,0,0,0xf0) aka D3DFMT_A4L4

                    if (ISBITMASK(0x00ff, 0, 0, 0xff00))
                    {
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM; // Some DDS writers assume the bitcount should be 8 instead of 16
                    }
                }

                if (16 == ddpf.RGBBitCount)
                {
                    if (ISBITMASK(0xffff, 0, 0, 0))
                    {
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM; // D3DX10/11 writes this out as DX10 extension
                    }
                    if (ISBITMASK(0x00ff, 0, 0, 0xff00))
                    {
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM; // D3DX10/11 writes this out as DX10 extension
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (ddpf.flags & DDS_ALPHA)
            {
                if (8 == ddpf.RGBBitCount)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_A8_UNORM;
                }
            }
            else if (ddpf.flags & DDS_BUMPDUDV)
            {
                if (16 == ddpf.RGBBitCount)
                {
                    if (ISBITMASK(0x00ff, 0xff00, 0, 0))
                    {
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM; // D3DX10/11 writes this out as DX10 extension
                    }
                }

                if (32 == ddpf.RGBBitCount)
                {
                    if (ISBITMASK(0x000000ff, 0x0000ff00, 0x00ff0000, 0xff000000))
                    {
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM; // D3DX10/11 writes this out as DX10 extension
                    }
                    if (ISBITMASK(0x0000ffff, 0xffff0000, 0, 0))
                    {
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM; // D3DX10/11 writes this out as DX10 extension
                    }

                    // No DXGI format maps to ISBITMASK(0x3ff00000, 0x000ffc00, 0x000003ff, 0xc0000000) aka D3DFMT_A2W10V10U10
                }

                // No DXGI format maps to DDPF_BUMPLUMINANCE aka D3DFMT_L6V5U5, D3DFMT_X8L8V8U8
            }
            else if (ddpf.flags & DDS_FOURCC)
            {
                if (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '1') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '3') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '5') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM;
                }

                // While pre-multiplied alpha isn't directly supported by the DXGI formats,
                // they are basically the same as these BC formats so they can be mapped
                if (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '2') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '4') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM;
                }

                if (MAKEFOURCC('A', 'T', 'I', '1') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('B', 'C', '4', 'U') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('B', 'C', '4', 'S') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM;
                }

                if (MAKEFOURCC('A', 'T', 'I', '2') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('B', 'C', '5', 'U') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('B', 'C', '5', 'S') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM;
                }

                // BC6H and BC7 are written using the "DX10" extended header

                if (MAKEFOURCC('R', 'G', 'B', 'G') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM;
                }
                if (MAKEFOURCC('G', 'R', 'G', 'B') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_G8R8_G8B8_UNORM;
                }

                if (MAKEFOURCC('Y', 'U', 'Y', '2') == ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    return DXGI_FORMAT_YUY2;
                }

                // Check for D3DFORMAT enums being set here
                switch (ddpf.fourCC)
                {
                    case 36: // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM;

                    case 110: // D3DFMT_Q16W16V16U16
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM;

                    case 111: // D3DFMT_R16F
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT;

                    case 112: // D3DFMT_G16R16F
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT;

                    case 113: // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;

                    case 114: // D3DFMT_R32F
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT;

                    case 115: // D3DFMT_G32R32F
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT;

                    case 116: // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
                        return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;

                    // No DXGI format maps to D3DFMT_CxV8U8
                }
            }

            return DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
        }

    #undef ISBITMASK

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        inline DirectX::DDS_ALPHA_MODE GetAlphaMode(_In_ const DDS_HEADER* header) noexcept
        {
            if (header->ddspf.flags & DDS_FOURCC)
            {
                if (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', '1', '0') == header->ddspf.fourCC)
                {
                    auto d3d10ext = reinterpret_cast<const DDS_HEADER_DXT10*>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(header) + sizeof(DDS_HEADER));
                    auto mode = static_cast<DDS_ALPHA_MODE>(d3d10ext->miscFlags2 & DDS_MISC_FLAGS2_ALPHA_MODE_MASK);
                    switch (mode)
                    {
                        case DDS_ALPHA_MODE_STRAIGHT:
                        case DDS_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED:
                        case DDS_ALPHA_MODE_OPAQUE:
                        case DDS_ALPHA_MODE_CUSTOM:
                            return mode;

                        case DDS_ALPHA_MODE_UNKNOWN:
                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                }
                else if ((MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '2') == header->ddspf.fourCC)
                         || (MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '4') == header->ddspf.fourCC))
                {
                    return DDS_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED;
                }
            }

            return DDS_ALPHA_MODE_UNKNOWN;
        }

        //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        class auto_delete_file
        {
        public:
            auto_delete_file(HANDLE hFile) noexcept : m_handle(hFile) {}

            auto_delete_file(const auto_delete_file&) = delete;
            auto_delete_file& operator=(const auto_delete_file&) = delete;

            auto_delete_file(const auto_delete_file&&) = delete;
            auto_delete_file& operator=(const auto_delete_file&&) = delete;

            ~auto_delete_file()
            {
                if (m_handle)
                {
                    FILE_DISPOSITION_INFO info = {};
                    info.DeleteFile = TRUE;
                    (void)SetFileInformationByHandle(m_handle, FileDispositionInfo, &info, sizeof(info));
                }
            }

            void clear() noexcept { m_handle = nullptr; }

        private:
            HANDLE m_handle;
        };

        class auto_delete_file_wic
        {
        public:
            auto_delete_file_wic(Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IWICStream>& hFile, LPCWSTR szFile) noexcept : m_filename(szFile), m_handle(hFile) {}

            auto_delete_file_wic(const auto_delete_file_wic&) = delete;
            auto_delete_file_wic& operator=(const auto_delete_file_wic&) = delete;

            auto_delete_file_wic(const auto_delete_file_wic&&) = delete;
            auto_delete_file_wic& operator=(const auto_delete_file_wic&&) = delete;

            ~auto_delete_file_wic()
            {
                if (m_filename)
                {
                    m_handle.Reset();
                    DeleteFileW(m_filename);
                }
            }

            void clear() noexcept { m_filename = nullptr; }

        private:
            LPCWSTR m_filename;
            Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IWICStream>& m_handle;
        };

        inline uint32_t CountMips(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) noexcept
        {
            if (width == 0 || height == 0)
                return 0;

            uint32_t count = 1;
            while (width > 1 || height > 1)
            {
                width >>= 1;
                height >>= 1;
                count++;
            }
            return count;
        }

        inline void FitPowerOf2(UINT origx, UINT origy, UINT& targetx, UINT& targety, size_t maxsize)
        {
            float origAR = float(origx) / float(origy);

            if (origx > origy)
            {
                size_t x;
                for (x = maxsize; x > 1; x >>= 1) { if (x <= targetx) break; }
                targetx = UINT(x);

                float bestScore = FLT_MAX;
                for (size_t y = maxsize; y > 0; y >>= 1)
                {
                    float score = fabsf((float(x) / float(y)) - origAR);
                    if (score < bestScore)
                    {
                        bestScore = score;
                        targety = UINT(y);
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                size_t y;
                for (y = maxsize; y > 1; y >>= 1) { if (y <= targety) break; }
                targety = UINT(y);

                float bestScore = FLT_MAX;
                for (size_t x = maxsize; x > 0; x >>= 1)
                {
                    float score = fabsf((float(x) / float(y)) - origAR);
                    if (score < bestScore)
                    {
                        bestScore = score;
                        targetx = UINT(x);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}